Croatia's employment issues are somewhat perplexing to many, and although there has apparently been a massive drop in unemployment, there's only been a very slight jump in those registering as newly employed. The maths doesn't always really add up, but unfortunately the demographic picture of the country explains it all.

As Jadranka Dozan/Poslovni Dnevnik writes on the 10th of April, 2019, at this time of year, official data on employment levels tends to heavily reflect the huge levels of seasonality Croatia's labour market is affected by with every passing year, of course, this is primarily owing to the increased employment levels of seasonal workers before the start of the main tourist season in summer. The latest figures from HZMO (Croatian Pension Insurance Fund) from March show some growth in the number of insured persons, both on a monthly and an annual basis, with positive annual rates having continued to some degree or another since March 2015, while monthly growth began in only in February, according to analysts from Raiffeisen Bank (RBA).

Last month, the number of insured persons increased by 14,000, to a total of 1.52 million people, and it is realistic to expect that the number of insured persons will increase even more owing to the opening up of seasonal positions in preparation for the tourist season, an economic trend which could easily continue until September. When compared to March last year, the number of insured persons more than 32,000 or 2.2 percent higher.

Along with the pretty positive indicators from HZMO's labour market information, the Croatian Bureau of Statistic's labour force surveys are more in line with the process of the huge problem of the mass emigration of Croatia's fit, healthy, working-age population and the demographic of an aging general population. The latest survey, in which the last quarter of 2018 was included, indicates an annual drop in Croatia's working-age population from 3.54 to 3.52 million.

Those who are economically active in Croatia, whether they're already working or actively looking for a job, numbered just 1.8 million at the end of 2018, which is 42,000 people or 2.3 percent less than the year before. Despite the positive economic data, the activity rate dropped from 52 to 51 percent. Activity and employment rates have, at least for some time now, been indicative of much more than just the general rate of unemployment. This applies in particular to activities that are needed in more economically developed EU countries, and jobs that tend to be given to (highly) skilled staff.

Economists have been warning for a long time that recent developments in reduce the potential for growth in Croatia in the long term. The number of unemployed people in Croatia in the last quarter of the year, according to the results of the survey conducted in the last quarter of 2018, dropped when compared to the previous year by 46,000 people, or 23 percent, to 154,000 people. At the same time, however, the number of employees increased only very slightly, by 0.3 percent, meaning just 5,000 people more, to 1.64 million. In the fourth quarter, the activity rate and the employment rate recorded lower values ​​(51 percent and 46.6 percent), according to RBA.

In the last quarter of 2018, the numbers of economically inactive people older than fifteen increased by just one percent. Finally, the year ended with the fall of Croatia's unemployment rate to 8.3 percent, which is also the first drop below 10 percent since 2009, the year which followed the 2008 recession, but unfortunately this is partly a consequence of Croatia's negative demographic trend.

Although Croatia's growth in employment is of course very encouraging, analysts warn that it should be noted that the number of employees has been growing at a mild rate for the last five years, and that the average number of employees is still 6.5 percent lower than in before the crisis back in 2008. Overall, they conclude, Croatia's labour market remains very fragile and is burdened with some extremely serious structural problems, especially in terms of the total mismatch of supply and demand, long-term unemployment, and the falling number of working-age people for the ninth year in a row.

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Click here for the original article by Jadranka Dozan for Poslovni Dnevnik

According to food expenditure statistics, Croatia is still spending significantly more than the European average, with the British paying the least towards food and drink in all of Europe.

As Poslovni Dnevnik writes on the 30th of March, 2019, expenditures for transport of the average Croatian family were equal to the cost of housing and for the first time, they reached fifteen percent of the average household budget. Based on the Household consumption survey, which is otherwise conducted every three years, the Central Bureau of Statistics reported that the average Croatian family spent 82,530 kuna per household in 2017, which is a monthly cost of about 6,800 kuna.

Croatia takes first place when it comes to the amount allocated to food in the household budget, but it is about five percentage points less than ten years ago when every third kuna was spent on food, Večernji list writes. The other countries which follow Croatis are Romania, where 26 percent of the typical household budget goes to food, while in Serbia, which is considered a third country, yet remains an EU candidate, that stands at 22 percent.

According to data on food expenditures, Croatia is still significantly above the European average, where 12 percent of household budgets typically go on food and drink, and in developed western economies, that figure is usually between 7 and 10 percent. The dominance of food expenditures is a feature of poorer countries with lower wages. Food prices in Croatia are similar, if not more expensive than in Western Europe, while salaried employees receive three to four times lower salaries, which ensure a much higher quality of life and go on including things such as outings, recreation, travel, and further education.

In Croatia, there is still one item where the standard of living has remained the same to a certain extent, and that is the typical cost of housing and the consumption of energy, to which 15.7 percent of the household budget goes, while at the EU level, the energy bills and rent account for a much higher 24 percent of the typical household budget. The British pay the leasr for food, and it typically accounts for a mere 7.2 percent of the British household budget, yet on the other hand, 27 percent of a typical British household budget is spent on various housing costs. Only Cyprus, Lithuania and Malta have lower housing costs than Croatia.

When looking at nominal amounts, just a couple of years ago, the average Croatian household spent 21,353 kuna per year on food and drink, of which the highest costs are for meat, costing about 6,700 kuna, and non-alcoholic beverages, costing 1,900 kuna, these beverages were mostly coffee, mineral water and various types of juices. In Croatia, at least according to the latest statistics, there is actually less smoking and drinking going on, and alcohol and cigarettes have fallen below three percent of the typical household budget to 2.9 percent (2,421 kuna per year), for the first time ever.

In Croatia, communication costs continue to above the EU average, on which 2.5 percent of the household budget is spent. Bulgaria and Serbia are the most similar to Croatia in terms of spending, while communication costs in other post-socialist countries is significantly cheaper and accounts for about three percent of the typical household budget. The average Croatian family pays 4,113 kuna annually for telephone services, which is almost twice as much as it allocates for health care services. For transport, about 13,000 kuna is spent annually, while clothing and footwear have about 6,000 kuna spent on them.

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Even local tourist boards admit that the holiday home zone is a grey area where commercial activity is suspected.

In September 2016, accommodation facilities in Croatia recorded that tourist arrivals went up by 14.5%, while overnight stays increased by 11.5% in comparison to September 2015, reports the Central Bureau of Statistics on Tuesday.

In 2015, 1.6 million or 42.9% of the Croatian population aged 15 and over took at least one private overnight trip, states the data of the Central Bureau for Statistics (DZS) released today, 27 October, 2016. The total generated number of private trips was 5.7 million, of which 3.6 million (63.5%) were in Croatia, and 2.1 million (36.5%) were abroad.